Valgus Torque
This is the rotational expression of valgus force.
The magnitude of valgus torque is equal to the valgus force multiplied by the force's distance from the axis of rotation. In the pitching motion, this means that valgus torque increases as forearm length increases and as valgus force increases.
In the elbow, active valgus torque is supplied by the biceps brachii, brachialis, and the forearm's extensor-supinator muscles.
Passive valgus torque is supplied by the radial collateral ligament (RCL). The RCL does not contract, so its contribution to valgus torque is a passive tension caused by varus torque.
The largest valgus torque values in pitching are the result of inertia.
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